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What is the difference between for...in and for...of loops in JavaScript?
for...in loop through the attribute key of the object, for...of loop through the value of the iterable object; 1. for...in is mainly used for ordinary objects, traversing its enumerable attribute names (including attributes on the prototype chain, unless manually filtered), and is suitable for obtaining the key of the object, but is not recommended for arrays, because it traverses the index (string type) and may contain inherited attributes; 2. for...of is used for iterable objects such as arrays, strings, Map, Set, NodeList, generators, etc., to directly obtain element values, not traversing the object attributes, and do not contain prototype attributes, and the traversal order is guaranteed; 3. Key differences: for...in targets the key of the object, for...of targets iterable pairs
Aug 04, 2025 am 08:50 AM
What are arrow functions in JavaScript and how do they differ from regular functions?
Arrow functions use a more concise syntax, such as constadd=(a,b)=>a b; 2. Arrow functions do not have this of their own, inherit this from the outer scope, and avoid this pointing errors in the callback; 3. Arrow functions do not have arguments objects, and need to be replaced by rest parameter; 4. Arrow functions cannot be used as constructors, and errors will be thrown; 5. Arrow functions do not have prototype attributes and cannot be used for prototype inheritance. Therefore, arrow functions are suitable for callbacks and scenarios where lexical this is required, but not for occasions where dynamic this or constructed objects are required.
Aug 04, 2025 am 08:15 AM
How do you make an HTTP request using the Fetch API in JavaScript?
Use fetch() to send an HTTP request, which returns a Promise; 2. The basic GET request needs to check response.ok and parse the data with response.json(); 3. Use async/await syntax to simplify asynchronous operations; 4. The POST request needs to set the body of method, headers and stringify; 5. Always handle network and HTTP errors to ensure the correct resolution of the response. fetch() is a flexible and powerful API.
Aug 04, 2025 am 08:11 AM
How to Structure a Large-Scale JavaScript Application
Organizecodebyfeatureordomain(e.g.,/users,/orders)ratherthanfiletypetoimprovemaintainabilityandonboarding.2.Enforcemoduleboundariesusingindex.jsfilestocontrolexportsandrestrictdirectaccesstointernalpathswithtoolslikeESLint.3.Separateconcernswithinfea
Aug 04, 2025 am 08:09 AM
Asynchronous JavaScript Best Practices: Promises, Async/Await, and How Java Futures Compare
The core methods for handling asynchronous operations in JavaScript include the use of Promise and async/await, which are more concise and non-blocking than Java's Future. 1. Promise is the basis, and asynchronous results are processed through .then() and .catch(). Callback hell and uncaught rejections should be avoided. 2. async/await provides synchronous syntax to improve readability. It requires try/catch to handle errors, and multiple promises can be executed in parallel through Promise.all(). 3. Unlike Java, JavaScript's Promise does not support cancellation by default, and there is no method that is directly equivalent to .get(). Reasonable
Aug 04, 2025 am 07:39 AM
Advanced Conditional Types in TypeScript
TypeScript's advanced condition types implement logical judgment between types through TextendsU?X:Y syntax. Its core capabilities are reflected in the distributed condition types, infer type inference and the construction of complex type tools. 1. The conditional type is distributed in the bare type parameters and can automatically split the joint type, such as ToArray to obtain string[]|number[]. 2. Use distribution to build filtering and extraction tools: Exclude excludes types through TextendsU?never:T, Extract extracts commonalities through TextendsU?T:Never, and NonNullable filters null/undefined. 3
Aug 04, 2025 am 06:32 AM
Advanced Techniques for Managing State in Complex JavaScript Applications, lessons from Java Persistence
When building complex JavaScript applications, drawing on the design concept of Java persistence framework can effectively improve the clarity and maintainability of state management. 1. Use the concept of "entity" to distinguish variable and immutable data. It is recommended to add an id field to an object with unique identification, and ensure that state changes are predictable through immutable updates; 2. Separate state storage and business logic, learn from the DAO model to unified access interfaces, and avoid components directly operating the state tree; 3. Draw the "dirty check" mechanism to optimize performance, use useMemo, useCallback and memorized selector to reduce invalid rendering and side effect triggers; 4. Introduce "transaction" thinking to deal with multi-step state changes, ensure the atomicity of the operation or provide a rollback mechanism, from
Aug 04, 2025 am 06:12 AM
Advanced JavaScript Destructuring for Cleaner Code
Use nested deconstruction and default values to safely extract deep object attributes to avoid undefined errors; 2. During deconstruction, variables can be renamed and default values can be set to prevent naming conflicts and missing data problems; 3. Function parameters can directly deconstruct objects and set default values to improve call clarity and robustness; 4. Array deconstruction supports skipping elements and using residual operators to collect other items, and flexibly process array data; 5. Combining logic or operators to implement conditional deconstruction to ensure that there are alternative values when the data does not exist; 6. Use deconstruction in for...of and Object.entries() loops to simplify traversal code; 7. Use array deconstruction to exchange variables without temporary variables, which is simple and efficient; use default values, residual operators and fallb reasonably
Aug 04, 2025 am 05:57 AM
Advanced Patterns for React's useEffect Hook
AlwaysincludeonlyactualdependenciesinuseEffecttopreventbugsandinfiniteloops.2.Cleanupsubscriptions,timers,andlistenersinthecleanupfunctiontoavoidmemoryleaks.3.UseuseReftoaccessthelatestvalueinaneffectwithoutre-runningit,avoidingstaleclosures.4.Useref
Aug 04, 2025 am 05:21 AM
How can you access the first and last elements of a JavaScript array?
Thefirstelementisaccessedusingarr[0]orarr.at(0).2.Thelastelementisaccessedusingarr[arr.length-1]orarr.at(-1),with.at(-1)beingmorereadableinmodernJavaScript,andbothreturnundefinedforemptyarrays.
Aug 04, 2025 am 04:17 AM
How do you handle multiple promises at once in JavaScript?
When multiple Promises need to be processed at the same time, you should choose the appropriate method according to the fault tolerance and timing requirements: 1. All Promise must be successful. Any failure means overall failure. Use Promise.all(); 2. Whether it is successful or failed, wait for all Promises to complete, use Promise.allSettled(); 3. Just get the fastest completed Promise result (regardless of success or failure), use Promise.race(); 4. Just get the first successful result, and the remaining failures will be ignored until at least one success, use Promise.any(); when selecting a method, you need to combine the tolerance of the use scenario for failure and the response speed requirements of the use scenario.
Aug 04, 2025 am 03:49 AM
What are some common string methods in JavaScript?
JavaScript string method does not change the original string, but returns the new string; 1. toUpperCase() and toLowerCase() are used for case conversion; 2.trim() removes the beginning and ending blanks, trimStart()/trimEnd() respectively removes the beginning or ending blanks; 3. charAt(index) returns the characters of the specified index, and returns an empty string when crossing the boundary; 4. indexOf() returns the index that appears for the first time in the substring, and returns -1 if it does not exist, include() returns the Boolean value to indicate whether the substring is included; 5. replace() replaces the first match, combined with the regular g flag or replaceAll() can be replaced
Aug 04, 2025 am 03:44 AM
How does JSON work with JavaScript?
JSONworksseamlesslywithJavaScriptbecauseitoriginatedfromJavaScript'sobjectsyntax,makingitidealforwebapplications.1.JSONsyntaxmirrorsJavaScriptobjects,withtherequirementthatkeysandstringvaluesmustbeindoublequotes.2.JSON.parse()convertsaJSONstringintoa
Aug 04, 2025 am 01:58 AM
JavaScript slice vs splice
slice does not modify the original array, and is used to extract fragments; splice modifies the original array, and is used to delete, insert or replace elements. ① slice(start, end) returns a new array, the original array remains unchanged, and is often used for copying or intercepting; ② splice(start, deleteCount, items) returns deleted elements, directly modifying the original array, which can be added, deleted and modified; ③ Both support negative indexes; ④ Note: slice is like slice, splice is like splicing. Select use according to whether you need to modify the original array and operation type.
Aug 04, 2025 am 12:11 AM
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