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Use Array.from() or extension operator to convert NodeList to an array. 1. Use Array.from(): This method is clear and designed for this, const array = Array.from(nodeList); 2. Use extension operator (...): concise and modern, const array = [...nodeList]; 3. Use Array.prototype.slice.call(): It is suitable for old environments, but is not recommended in modern development. The first two methods should be preferred, both safe and effective in the current browser and have strong code readability.
You can convert a NodeList to an Array in JavaScript using a few simple and reliable methods. Since NodeList (returned by methods like document.querySelectorAll()
or document.getElementsByClassName()
) isn't a true array, it doesn't have access to array methods like map
, filter
, or reduce
— so converting it is often necessary.

Here are the most common and effective ways:
1. Using Array.from()
This is clean, readable, and widely supported:

const nodeList = document.querySelectorAll('div'); const array = Array.from(nodeList);
Array.from()
creates a new array from an array-like or iterable object — perfect for NodeLists.
2. Using the Spread Operator ( ...
)
A modern and concise approach:

const nodeList = document.querySelectorAll('div'); const array = [...nodeList];
The spread operator works because NodeLists are iterable in most modern browsers (including all current major ones).
3. Using Array.prototype.slice.call()
This is the older, pre-ES6 method, useful if you're supporting very old environments:
const nodeList = document.querySelectorAll('div'); const array = Array.prototype.slice.call(nodeList);
Alternatively, you can use Function.call
shorthand:
const array = [].slice.call(nodeList);
But this is less readable and largely unnecessary today unless you're working in legacy code.
Which Method Should You Use?
- Use
Array.from()
— it's explicit, readable, and designed for this purpose. - Use the spread operator — if you prefer concise syntax and are working in modern environments.
- Avoid
slice.call()
unless you need to support older browsers like IE (which doesn't supportArray.from()
or spread on NodeLists).
? Note: In modern JavaScript (ES2018), the spread operator and
Array.from()
are both safe for NodeLists in all current browsers.
Basically, just pick one of the first two — they're clean and effective.
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