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Use background-attachment: fixed for a simple parallax effect where the background stays fixed while content scrolls over it, though performance may suffer on mobile; 2. Use CSS 3D transforms with perspective and translateZ() to create a more performant and visually accurate parallax by positioning layers in 3D space, where background layers move slower than foreground ones; 3. Add multiple layers with varying translateZ values to enhance depth, ensuring each layer scrolls at a different speed based on its perceived distance, while using high-quality images and avoiding excessive scaling to maintain performance and visual clarity.
Creating a parallax effect with CSS only is simpler than you might think — no JavaScript required. The key is using CSS background properties and 3D transforms to simulate depth as the user scrolls.
Here’s how to do it step by step:
1. Use background-attachment: fixed (Simple Method)
This is the easiest way to create a basic parallax effect. It works by keeping the background image fixed while the content scrolls over it.
.parallax-section {
height: 500px;
background-image: url('your-image.jpg');
background-attachment: fixed; /* This creates the parallax */
background-size: cover;
background-position: center;
}<div class="parallax-section"></div>
? Pros: Simple, widely supported
? Cons: Performance can suffer on mobile; limited control
Note: background-attachment: fixed may not work as expected on mobile Safari unless additional viewport settings are applied.
2. Use CSS 3D Transforms and transform: translateZ()
A more modern and performant approach uses 3D transforms and the perspective property to create a true depth illusion.
HTML Structure
<div class="parallax-container">
<div class="parallax-layer parallax-bg">
Background Layer
</div>
<div class="parallax-layer parallax-foreground">
Foreground Content
</div>
</div>CSS
.parallax-container {
height: 100vh;
overflow-x: hidden;
overflow-y: auto;
perspective: 1px;
}
.parallax-layer {
position: relative;
height: 100vh;
transform-origin: center;
}
.parallax-bg {
background: url('bg.jpg') center center;
background-size: cover;
transform: translateZ(-1px) scale(2); /* Moves back and scales up */
}
.parallax-foreground {
background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
color: white;
font-size: 2rem;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
transform: translateZ(0); /* Stays in place */
}? How it works:
perspective: 1pxon the container sets up a 3D space.translateZ(-1px)pushes the background layer "back" into the screen.- Because it's farther back, it moves slower than the foreground as you scroll — creating parallax.
scale(2)compensates for the visual shrinkage caused by moving the layer back.
? This method relies on scroll-induced 3D movement. Since the container is scrollable and has perspective, the browser renders the layers at different depths.
3. Multiple Layers for Depth (Optional)
You can add more layers with different translateZ values to enhance the effect:
.layer-1 { transform: translateZ(-0.5px) scale(1.5); }
.layer-2 { transform: translateZ(-1px) scale(2); }
.layer-3 { transform: translateZ(0); }Each layer scrolls at a different speed based on its depth.
Tips for Best Results
- Use high-quality background images to avoid blurriness (especially when scaled).
- Test on mobile — some older devices struggle with 3D transforms.
- Avoid excessive
scale()values to prevent performance issues or rendering glitches. - Always set
overflow-y: autoon the container to enable scrolling.
This CSS-only parallax works well for lightweight websites or landing pages where you want visual flair without the overhead of JavaScript libraries.
Basically, just pick the method that fits your needs: background-attachment: fixed for simplicity, or 3D transforms for more control and smoother results.
The above is the detailed content of How to create a CSS-only parallax effect?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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