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Nginx implements load balancing by default, and the requests are distributed to each server in sequence; 2. Supports least_conn (minimum connection), ip_hash (IP hashing sessions), weighted (weight allocation) and other methods to optimize distribution strategies; 3. Automatic health check and failover, and the detection sensitivity can be adjusted through max_fails and fail_timeout parameters. After configuration, sudo nginx -t test and reload take effect to ensure that the backend can obtain real client information.
Nginx is a powerful and lightweight tool for distributing incoming traffic across multiple servers — this is called load balancing . It helps improve application performance, reliability, and scalability by preventing any single server from getting overwhelmed.
Here's a basic breakdown of how to set up Nginx load balancing:
? 1. Default Load Balancing Method (Round Robin)
By default, Nginx uses round-robin — it distributes requests evenly across all listed servers in order.
Example config:
upstream backend {
server 192.168.1.10:8080;
server 192.168.1.11:8080;
server 192.168.1.12:8080;
}
server {
listen 80;
location / {
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}This means:
- Request 1 → 192.168.1.10
- Request 2 → 192.168.1.11
- Request 3 → 192.168.1.12
- Request 4 → back to 192.168.1.10
... and so on.
? 2. Other Load Balancing Methods
You can change the algorithm depending on your needs:
Least Connections : Sends requests to the server with the fewest active connections.
upstream backend { least_conn; server 192.168.1.10:8080; server 192.168.1.11:8080; server 192.168.1.12:8080; }IP Hash : Ensures a client's requests always go to the same server (good for session persistence).
upstream backend { ip_hash; server 192.168.1.10:8080; server 192.168.1.11:8080; server 192.168.1.12:8080; }Weighted Load Balancing : Give more traffic to stronger servers.
upstream backend { server 192.168.1.10:8080 weight=3; # Gets 3x more traffic server 192.168.1.11:8080 weight=1; server 192.168.1.12:8080 weight=1; }
?? 3. Health Checks & Failover
Nginx automatically marks a server as "down" if it fails to respond — and stops sending traffic to it until it recovers.
You can also manually mark a server as down:
server 192.168.1.11:8080 down;
Or use max_fails and fail_timeout to fine-tune:
server 192.168.1.10:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
? Pro Tips:
- Always test your config:
sudo nginx -t - Reload after changes:
sudo systemctl reload nginx - Use
proxy_set_header Host $host;andproxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;in yourlocationblock so backend servers see real client info.
That's it — basic Nginx load balancing in a nutshell. Not fancy, but solid and widely used in production settings.
Basically just define your servers, pick a method, and let Nginx do the rest.
The above is the detailed content of Basic Nginx Load Balancing. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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