逾九成（92%）公众支持室内公共场所全面禁烟

1. Set APP_ENV=production and APP_DEBUG=false in .env, generate application key with php artisan key:generate, and run php artisan config:cache, route:cache, and view:cache to optimize performance. 2. Install PHP 8.1 with required extensions (OpenSSL, PDO, MBstring, etc.), configure Nginx to point to the public directory with proper server block, and set file permissions using chmod -R 755 storage bootstrap/cache and chown -R www-data:www-data on the project directory. 3. Deploy code via SFTP, Git (git pull origin main), or automated tools like Laravel Forge or GitHub Actions, then run composer install --optimize-autoloader --no-dev and php artisan migrate --force to apply database changes. 4. Schedule cron job for Laravel’s scheduler using * cd /var/www/your-laravel-app && php artisan schedule:run >> /dev/null 2>&1, and set up Supervisor with php artisan queue:work to manage queue workers. 5. Secure the app by enabling HTTPS via Certbot, monitor logs in storage/logs using tools like Sentry or Laravel Telescope, back up database and files regularly, and securely manage environment variables without committing .env to version control.

Deploying a Laravel application to production involves several critical steps to ensure your app runs securely, efficiently, and reliably. Here’s a practical guide that covers the essential tasks.

1. Prepare Your Application for Production

Before deploying, make sure your Laravel app is configured correctly for a production environment.

• Set the environment: In your .env file, make sure:

  

  APP_ENV=production
  APP_DEBUG=false

  Disabling APP_DEBUG prevents sensitive information from being exposed.

• Generate an application key:

  

  php artisan key:generate

  This ensures secure encryption of sessions and cookies.

• Optimize the app: Run these commands to improve performance:

  php artisan config:cache
  php artisan route:cache
  php artisan view:cache

  ?? Only run these in production. They can cause issues during development.

2. Set Up the Server Environment

Choose a server setup (e.g., Ubuntu with Nginx/Apache and PHP) and install the required dependencies.

• Install PHP and extensions: Laravel typically requires:

  • PHP >= 8.1
  • OpenSSL
  • PDO
  • Mbstring
  • Tokenizer
  • XML
  • Ctype
  • JSON
  • BCMath
  • Fileinfo
  • GD (for image processing)

  On Ubuntu:

  sudo apt install php php-cli php-fpm php-mysql php-zip php-curl php-mbstring php-xml php-bcmath php-gd php-intl

• Set up a web server: Configure Nginx (or Apache) to point to your Laravel’s public directory.

  Example Nginx config:

  server {
      listen 80;
      server_name yourdomain.com;
      root /var/www/your-laravel-app/public;
  
      index index.php;
  
      location / {
          try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
      }
  
      location ~ \.php$ {
          fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
          fastcgi_index index.php;
          fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
          include fastcgi_params;
      }
  }

• Set correct file permissions: The web server needs write access to storage and cache directories:

  chmod -R 755 storage bootstrap/cache
  chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/your-laravel-app

3. Deploy Your Code

There are multiple ways to deploy your Laravel app:

• Manual upload (SFTP): Suitable for small projects.
• Git-based deployment: Push code to a private repo, then pull it on the server:

  git pull origin main

• Automated deployment tools: Use tools like Laravel Forge, Envoyer, Deployer, or CI/CD pipelines (GitHub Actions, GitLab CI) for zero-downtime deployments.

After deploying the code:

• Install Composer dependencies:

  composer install --optimize-autoloader --no-dev

  The --no-dev flag skips development packages.

• Run migrations (if needed):

  php artisan migrate --force

  Use --force in production to confirm you want to run migrations.

4. Configure Background Tasks and Scheduling

Laravel’s task scheduling and queues need proper setup.

• Cron job for scheduler: Add this line to your server’s crontab (crontab -e):

  * * * * * cd /var/www/your-laravel-app && php artisan schedule:run >> /dev/null 2>&1

  This runs Laravel’s scheduler every minute.

• Queue workers: If using queues (e.g., Redis, database), run:

  php artisan queue:work --daemon

  Use process managers like Supervisor to keep the worker running:

  [program:laravel-worker]
  command=php /var/www/your-laravel-app/artisan queue:work --sleep=3 --tries=3
  autostart=true
  autorestart=true
  user=www-data

5. Secure and Monitor Your App

• Use HTTPS: Set up SSL with Let’s Encrypt using Certbot:

  sudo certbot --nginx -d yourdomain.com

• Set up logging: Laravel logs to storage/logs. Monitor these files or use tools like Laravel Telescope, Sentry, or Loggly.

• Backup regularly: Automate backups of your database and uploaded files.

• Environment-specific configuration: Never commit .env to version control. Store environment variables securely on the server.

Basically, deploying Laravel comes down to proper configuration, secure server setup, optimized code, and automated maintenance tasks. Get the basics right, and your app will run smoothly in production.

The above is the detailed content of How to deploy a Laravel application to production?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!