2017年全国少年乙组羽毛球比赛首次在唐山举办
@property decorator is used to convert methods into properties to implement the reading, setting and deletion control of properties. 1. Basic usage: define read-only attributes through @property, such as area calculated based on radius and accessed directly; 2. Advanced usage: use @name.setter and @name.deleter to implement attribute assignment verification and deletion operations; 3. Practical application: perform data verification in setters, such as BankAccount to ensure that the balance is not negative; 4. Naming specification: internal variables are prefixed, the property method name is consistent with the attribute, and unified access control is used to improve code security and maintainability.
In Python, the @property decorator is used to convert a method into a property, so that you can call it like you access a property without using parentheses. This method allows you to control the reading, setting and deletion of properties without changing the interface, and is often used for encapsulation and data verification.
Here is a simple example of @property usage:
? Basic usage: Change method to read-only attribute
class Circle:
def __init__(self, radius):
self._radius = radius
@property
def area(self):
return 3.14159 * self._radius ** 2
# Use example c = Circle(5)
print(c.area) # Output: 78.53975
# c.area = 10 # Error: Cannot assign value (read-only attribute)Here
arealooks like an attribute, but is actually calculated. The user does not need to callc.area(), justc.area.
? Advanced usage: Supports reading, setting, and deletion (getter, setter, delete)
class Person:
def __init__(self, name):
self._name = name
@property
def name(self):
print("Getting name...")
return self._name
@name.setter
def name(self, value):
if not value:
raise ValueError("Name cannot be empty")
print(f"Setting name to {value}")
self._name = value
@name.deleter
def name(self):
print("Deleting name...")
del self._name
# Use example p = Person("Alice")
print(p.name) # Output: Getting name... \n Alice
p.name = "Bob" # Output: Setting name to Bob
print(p.name) # Output: Getting name... \n Bob
del p.name # Output: Deleting name...
# print(p.name) # Error: name has been deleted? Practical application scenario: Data verification encapsulation
class BankAccount:
def __init__(self, balance):
self._balance = 0
self.balance = balance # Initialize @property with setter
def balance(self):
return self._balance
@balance.setter
def balance(self, amount):
if amount < 0:
raise ValueError("Balance cannot be negative")
self._balance = amount
# Use example acc = BankAccount(100)
print(acc.balance) # 100
acc.balance = 200
print(acc.balance) # 200
# acc.balance = -50 # Throw ValueError? Tips: Naming Specifications
- Usually, use the
_to represent "protected" internal variables (such as_name,_balance) -
@propertymethod name is the same as the property name (such asname) - Avoid direct manipulation of internal variables and always access through property control
Basically that's it. @property makes the code cleaner and safer, and is a very practical tool in object-oriented programming in Python.
The above is the detailed content of python property decorator example. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
Hot AI Tools
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
VSCode settings.json location
Aug 01, 2025 am 06:12 AM
The settings.json file is located in the user-level or workspace-level path and is used to customize VSCode settings. 1. User-level path: Windows is C:\Users\\AppData\Roaming\Code\User\settings.json, macOS is /Users//Library/ApplicationSupport/Code/User/settings.json, Linux is /home//.config/Code/User/settings.json; 2. Workspace-level path: .vscode/settings in the project root directory
python itertools combinations example
Jul 31, 2025 am 09:53 AM
itertools.combinations is used to generate all non-repetitive combinations (order irrelevant) that selects a specified number of elements from the iterable object. Its usage includes: 1. Select 2 element combinations from the list, such as ('A','B'), ('A','C'), etc., to avoid repeated order; 2. Take 3 character combinations of strings, such as "abc" and "abd", which are suitable for subsequence generation; 3. Find the combinations where the sum of two numbers is equal to the target value, such as 1 5=6, simplify the double loop logic; the difference between combinations and arrangement lies in whether the order is important, combinations regard AB and BA as the same, while permutations are regarded as different;
How to handle transactions in Java with JDBC?
Aug 02, 2025 pm 12:29 PM
To correctly handle JDBC transactions, you must first turn off the automatic commit mode, then perform multiple operations, and finally commit or rollback according to the results; 1. Call conn.setAutoCommit(false) to start the transaction; 2. Execute multiple SQL operations, such as INSERT and UPDATE; 3. Call conn.commit() if all operations are successful, and call conn.rollback() if an exception occurs to ensure data consistency; at the same time, try-with-resources should be used to manage resources, properly handle exceptions and close connections to avoid connection leakage; in addition, it is recommended to use connection pools and set save points to achieve partial rollback, and keep transactions as short as possible to improve performance.
Mastering Dependency Injection in Java with Spring and Guice
Aug 01, 2025 am 05:53 AM
DependencyInjection(DI)isadesignpatternwhereobjectsreceivedependenciesexternally,promotingloosecouplingandeasiertestingthroughconstructor,setter,orfieldinjection.2.SpringFrameworkusesannotationslike@Component,@Service,and@AutowiredwithJava-basedconfi
python pytest fixture example
Jul 31, 2025 am 09:35 AM
fixture is a function used to provide preset environment or data for tests. 1. Use the @pytest.fixture decorator to define fixture; 2. Inject fixture in parameter form in the test function; 3. Execute setup before yield, and then teardown; 4. Control scope through scope parameters, such as function, module, etc.; 5. Place the shared fixture in conftest.py to achieve cross-file sharing, thereby improving the maintainability and reusability of tests.
Python for Data Engineering ETL
Aug 02, 2025 am 08:48 AM
Python is an efficient tool to implement ETL processes. 1. Data extraction: Data can be extracted from databases, APIs, files and other sources through pandas, sqlalchemy, requests and other libraries; 2. Data conversion: Use pandas for cleaning, type conversion, association, aggregation and other operations to ensure data quality and optimize performance; 3. Data loading: Use pandas' to_sql method or cloud platform SDK to write data to the target system, pay attention to writing methods and batch processing; 4. Tool recommendations: Airflow, Dagster, Prefect are used for process scheduling and management, combining log alarms and virtual environments to improve stability and maintainability.
Troubleshooting Common Java `OutOfMemoryError` Scenarios
Jul 31, 2025 am 09:07 AM
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Javaheapspace indicates insufficient heap memory, and needs to check the processing of large objects, memory leaks and heap settings, and locate and optimize the code through the heap dump analysis tool; 2. Metaspace errors are common in dynamic class generation or hot deployment due to excessive class metadata, and MaxMetaspaceSize should be restricted and class loading should be optimized; 3. Unabletocreatenewnativethread due to exhausting system thread resources, it is necessary to check the number of threads, use thread pools, and adjust the stack size; 4. GCoverheadlimitexceeded means that GC is frequent but has less recycling, and GC logs should be analyzed and optimized.
How to work with Calendar in Java?
Aug 02, 2025 am 02:38 AM
Use classes in the java.time package to replace the old Date and Calendar classes; 2. Get the current date and time through LocalDate, LocalDateTime and LocalTime; 3. Create a specific date and time using the of() method; 4. Use the plus/minus method to immutably increase and decrease the time; 5. Use ZonedDateTime and ZoneId to process the time zone; 6. Format and parse date strings through DateTimeFormatter; 7. Use Instant to be compatible with the old date types when necessary; date processing in modern Java should give priority to using java.timeAPI, which provides clear, immutable and linear
